Ler História 43 / 2002
Dossier Peoples and Lands
Emília Salvado Borges
The popular rebellion of Beja at 1637Jorge Fonseca
Lords and slaves of Alentejo (16th and 17th Century)
Margarida Durães
The land ownership in the region of Braga during the 18th centuryJosé Vicente Serrão
The names of the lands. About the taxes pattern of Lisbon’s fields in the 18th CenturyStefano d’Atri
Glances at the agrarian history in Italy
Studies
Ana Maria Pina
The “bread” and the “soul” of the liberal politicsMagda Pinheiro
Transport and Urbanization in the Tagus South bank: The Almada districtTeresa Rodrigues e Maria Luís Rocha Pinto
Migrations in Portugal in the 20th century
Reviews and Debates
Xosé Veiga Alonso
The recent political historiography of nineteen century in Spain
Documents in Study
Jorge Flores
A recuperation project of the Portuguese economic interests in Bengal: the representation of George Gearmain to Maria.
Abstracts
Ler História 43 / 2002
The popular rebellion of Beja at 1637The popular rebellions in Portugal, in the 17th century, have been often studied by different Portuguese historians. However, the rebellion of the city of Beja in 1637, we are now presenting, was yet unknown. It is an anti-tributary and urban movement, which broke at the end of August. The rebellion was caused by the increase of the already heavy taxes imposed by the Spanish king who reigned in Portugal. As with the common people, some members of other social groups joined this cause. It was the job of the clergy, the nobles and the most influential members of the bourgeoisie to pacify the rebels. Beja was the last village of Portugal to submit and to accept again to pay the contested taxes.
Lords and slaves of Alentejo (16th and 17th Century)The slave population increased remarkably in Portugal with the sea expansion, but its demography varied along the territory. Through the modern epoch, Alentejo had a numerous captive population. This last one is the object of this article, which in the 16th and 17th Century analyses the way and grades of the implementation of slaves in the society, and their relationship with the lords, stressing aspects as violence, sociability, affection, and sexuality.
The enfranchisement appears as a privileged expression of those relationships, and the conclusive moment for its knowledge.
The land ownership in the region of Braga during the 18th centuryThe majority if the land in the region of Braga during the eighteenth century was owned by ecclesiastical and noble landlords. Its exploitation relied upon rental contracts that defined a social organization based on the values and aims of the privileged groups.
The social organization was very much the result of the structure of land ownership. Most land rentiers held small plots of land, and a significant part of the population was landless. The latter was also utterly dependent of the privileged, because its economic activities were related to the satisfaction of their consumption needs.
Being strongly hierarchised, the society if the area of Braga had to develop systems of mediation between those who paid rents and those who benefited from them, thus creating a complex social network where clientelism was the norm.
The names of the lands. About the taxes pattern of Lisbon’s fields in the 18th CenturyThis is an article about the land property in Lisbon, giving privilege to the taxes expression. Going back to the 18th Century, when the landed properties’ structures of the Old Regime had achieved the top, it begins by re-establishing the taxes actual typology, i.e., which were the most common buildings, what were their names, and how were they distinct. After, it shows how those buildings were hierarchized according to their value and concept, how were they related to the property dimension, in which terms they shared the space, and in what kind of regimes were they possessed or exploited.
Glances at the agrarian history in ItalyBriefly, the author outlines the Italian historiography’s journey, which in the last decades has been dedicated to the agrarian history. Guiding his narrative chronologically, the author stresses what were the main themes of the research, analyses and debate, and the evolution registered, accompanying the evolution of the Italian historiography, and the main concerns that in each different moment made part of the Italian society.
The “bread” and the “soul” of the liberal politicsIn the last 19th Century in the literary classes and in the political culture, the idea that the Regeneration has been limited to fulfil “material improvements”, despising the “moral” aspects imposed itself. Fontes Pereira de Melo, the Regeneration Father” is the favourite target of the criticism. On the other hand, some old politicians who seemed to represent the contrary of Fontes gained power. Not the “material”, but the “ideal”, not the “bread”, but the “soul”. The most paradigmatic case is the one from Passos Manuel, killed in 1862. Chief of the September Revolution, marked by the illegitimacy, became one of the liberalism heroes. This article analyses his rising to the liberal pantheon. At the end of the 19th Century, monarchs and republicans seemed to be represented by Fontes and Passos – the “money” versus the “ideal”.
The Portuguese Integralism keeps the diabolical aspect of Fontes and the mystification/idealization of Passos Manuel, due to reasons according to his political and doctrinaire combat strategy against the liberalism and the Republic.
Finally, the historical culture connected to the New State putted an end to Passos’ myth, and re-established (although in a moderate way) Fontes and the Regeneration.
Transport and Urbanization in the Tagus South bank: The Almada district.The aim of this article is to describe the history of the relation between urban expansion and the growth of the transport capacity since 1850.
Steamboats linked since then Cacilhas to Lisbon but the planned railroads were never installed in the district. Thus urban growth was related with bus connections and since the sixties with private automobile. The train was finally installed in the bridge in 1999, it could not guide urban expansion witch makes the solutions to bring the commuters to public transport more difficult.
Migrations in Portugal in the 20th century.Along all the 20th century Portugal swelled depending on the intensity variations of the migrations tides. The emigration had an important paper in this evolution till the middle of the decade of the seventies but, as we advance in time, the internal migrations will have an increasing importance, combining with the variation of the global behaviours in view of the fecundity and of the mortality. The new behaviour patterns explain partially the Portuguese population evolution and occur abreast the internal transfer of the people from the inland to the coast and to the urban centres.
In terms of average duration, without the migratory effect (emigration and internal migrations), the demographic increasing of the Portuguese people would have been almost uniform till the end of the sixties, decreasing very quickly from then on, to increase again in the nineties, but now, unknown fact in the Portuguese history, due to the immigration.
The recent political historiography of nineteen century in SpainThe aim of this article is to make an analysis about the most recent political historiography of nineteen century in Spain. The review includes the debate about the revolutionary origins of the Spanish contemporary state, the development of the state, and the valuation of the political and electoral activity, paying special attention to the period of time from 1874 to 1902.