Ler História 45 / 2003
Studies
Immanuel Wallerstein
Writing HistoryAna Isabel Buescu
The persistence of manuscript culture in Portugal in 16th and 17th centuries
Ana Maria Pina
The ransom of D. Miguel, the “unhappy Prince”
Irene Vaquinhas
Women in Regional Press: the case of “A Comarca de Arganil”Teresa Rodrigues Veiga
Portuguese Population in the last Century: permanencies and alterationsJosé Luís Cardoso and Maria Manuela Rocha
Corporativism and Welfare State (1933-1962)Márcia Maria Menendes Motta
Allotments in Brazil: history and conflict in the 19th century
Brief Studies
Rui Manuel Brás
The relations between socialists and communists in 1923-1925
Abstracts
Ler História 45 / 2003
Writing HistoryIn this article the author approaches the writing in history, stressing its complexity and inner characteristics. For that, he restricts and delineates the separating lines between four types of knowledge production: the fiction tales, propaganda, journalism and history, as it is written by people we call historiographers. He also refers the relationship that exists between writing history with the remembering and the forgetting, with the secrecy and the publicity, with the defence and the refutation. At last, he determines which are for him the role of the historiographer in the existing world and the importance of their writings.
The persistence of manuscript culture in Portugal in 16th and 17th centuriesThe “printing revolution”, which occurred in Europe from mid-fifteenth century onwards, was a major agent of change in the transmission of written culture. Yet, the persistence of the manuscript is a cultural fact of some relevance in Modern Age, as recent historiography has been pointing out. This essay studies the persistence and vitality of manuscript culture in Portugal in the 16th and 17th centuries and analyses reasons for, and modalities of that historical feature.
The ransom of D. Miguel, the “unhappy Prince”This article analyses the rehabilitation process of D. Miguel taken by Oliveira Martins and continued, in the 20th Century, by the authoritarian and nationalist conservative party intellectuals. Oliveira Martins – according to the criticism with the liberal revolution reading done by Herculano – sees in D. Miguel the symbol of a long lost country. What distinguishes the Prince is his deep love for the nation, love retributed by the people who believed that he could be the country redeemer. But, he ended by being the victim of the nation’s destiny.
The intellectuals of the Lusitanian Integralism read passionately the Portugal Contemporâneo book. However, the 18th Century historiographer D. Miguel, ruler of a dying country, did not identify himself with the vision of the history of Portugal. If Martins died of scepticism because of the country, they, on the contrary, strongly believed in the perpetuity of their motherland. Because of that, they saw D. Miguel as the symbol of a nation full of vitality, fiercely fighting against a more powerful enemy – the liberals supported by the “foreign countries”. The historiographers of the New State prosecuted this path, with the advantage of D. Miguel had won a new sense, not accessible to the Integralists during the Republic: the defected Prince was finally revenged by Salazar.
Women in Regional Press: the case of “A Comarca de Arganil”In this article it is developed a study of the feminine collaboration in A Comarca de Arganil journal since its foundation (in 1901) until 1980. Through the analyses of the published articles (number, themes, authorship, etc.) the author aims to distinguish the contribution of women in the diffusion of the journal’s discursive message and to clarify how did these women print their identify in the articles they wrote.
Portuguese Population in the last Century: Permanencies and alterationsDuring the 20th Century Portuguese people must have raised around 91%, reflecting a positive moderate tendency that, however, suffered significant variations during the century. When we compare Portugal with the majority of the European states, Portugal would still be a place where fertility and mortality, both superior to the European average, kept a positive relation, creator of a physiological balance that could have promoted a fast raise in the resident numbers, if it wasn’t the negative intervention of the migratory movements. Joining to the emigration, a constant in the contemporaneous history of Portugal was the migratory phenomenon of the last decade of the century, inedited factor in the Portuguese history, which brought enormous expectations.
In this article, the author describes the Portuguese population evolution throughout the whole 20th century, analysing the behaviour manifested by the different demographic variables.
Corporativism and Welfare State (1933-1962)With the aim of contributing for a greatest understanding of the philosophical and ideological origin of the Estado Novo social politics, this article analyses some testimonies inserted in a vast literature of doctrinal character, which served as basis to the social model of this period. In the initial phase of the regime, it dominated the corporativism ideal, which reserved for the State the role to co-ordinate the organisms, which should had been voluntarily animated by the ones interested in the social providence. This model’s collapse, as well as the disenchantment with the results of the position assumed by the State, were manifested in the critical considerations that were developed in the 50s and which the Revista do Gabinete de Estudos Corporativos would be the fundamental echo.
Allotments in Brazil: history and conflict in the 19th centuryThis article talks about the historicity of the agrarian conflicts in Brazil and tries to make a reflection about the allotments concession meaning in the colonial territories, and the subsequent legislation that aimed to define the procedures for its regularization. The author tries to demonstrate that, although the allotment system had been extinguished in 1822, the 19th Century was distinguished by the maintenance of the landowners’ power and by the permanency of the allotment letter as “myth” inaugural of the territory occupation history. Accompanying the resistance between the Benedictines and a big farmer from Rio de Janeiro, the author emphasizes the power of the allotment letter in the construction of the property rights for both litigants.
The relations between socialists and communists in 1923-1925The aim of this article is to present a brief approach to the relations between the Portuguese Socialist Party and the Portuguese Communist Party, given the new documents found in the Archive of the Socialist Party, recently integrated in the IAN/TT (National Archives).
In the context of the First Republic, the birth of the Communist Party was a new fact in the Portuguese political and social life. The relations between the two parties were marked by some cordiality, although there was distrust over any attempt by the communists to take the leadership of the whole left wing.
The author gives special attention to the ways followed by communists and socialists in order to unite the left wing organisations in a common front and face the dangers, which threatened the Republic.