Ler História 54 / 2008
Dossier: The Portuguese Court in Brazil
Miriam Halpern Pereira
PresentationJosé Luís Cardoso
The Opening to Trade of Brazil’s Ports in 1808, from Doctrine to Facts
Lúcia Maria Bastos Pereira das Neves
Between the Dark and the Golden legends: Napoleon Bonaparte by the Luso-BrasileirosMaria Batriz Nizza da Silva
The Court in Brazil and the Granting of HonorsAna Canas
To Rule Portugal during the Peninsular War: an Atlantic ChallengeFernando Dores Costa
French and «Jacobins». Popular Uprising and Police Measures in 1808 and 1809. A “Patriotic Uprising”?
Studies
Eloy Fernandez Clemente
J. P. d’Oliveira Martins in Santa Eufémia Mines (1870-1874)João Carlos Graça
Reactions to Malthus Work in Portugal’s19th Century
Homage to Sacuntala de Miranda (1934-2008)
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Abstracts
Ler História 54 / 2008
The Opening to Trade of Brazil’s Ports in 1808, from Doctrine to FactsThe first decree of Regent Prince D. João when he arrived in Bahia, in January 1808, was the opening of Brazilian ports to trade with friendly nations. For this decision making, and to the justification of its legitimacy and importance, José da Silva Lisboa played a relevant role. This event offers unmistakable evidence of deep changes in the usual forms of dealing and thinking the economic relationship between the metropolis and the main colony. Therefore, that is why the explanation of the doctrinal principles and practical implications of this process is still of decisive importance for the comprehension of the dilemmas along the Portuguese Court stay in Brazil.
Between the Dark and the Golden legends: Napoleon Bonaparte by the Luso-BrasileirosThis paper suggests the analysis of the dark and the golden legend that Portugal and Brazil created about Napoleon Bonaparte along the troubled period of the French invasions (1807-1810). As sources, it privileges the circumstance prints – newspapers and pamphlets – able to show up, under the shock of the news that the invaders brought and of the unpublished episodes that occurred, the slow detrition of the traditional Portuguese structures and the waving to the entry of the country and the empire in the path of modern politics. To achieve that purpose, the paper 258 also examines the plot of the events, viewing them as the expression of a clash of powers, still active, of the Ancient Regime, and those emergent of the European liberalism.
The Court in Brazil and the Granting of Honors
The remarkable increase in the honors granted during the Court residence in Rio de Janeiro provoked the criticism by the Portuguese liberal press in London, but D. João needed these rewards to please not only those who moved with him but also the Brazilian subjects who helped him in his financial crisis.
To Rule Portugal during the Peninsular War: an Atlantic ChallengeThe paper presents the international and national context frame leading to the transfer of the Portuguese Court and capital to Rio de Janeiro in 1807: from the observation of the Anglo French conflicts to the analysis of the effective ability to resist and from the policy of neutrality to the Atlantic option with the British ally. It analysis the recreation of the administrative central and government structure in Brazil. Finally, it studies the reorganization of the Regency in Lisbon and the debate on its nature, composition and power, as well as the ways of decision making, in the initial stage of the Peninsular War, of the British presence and of the long distance from the sovereign.
French and «Jacobins». Popular Uprising and Police Measures in 1808 and 1809. A “Patriotic Uprising”?During the years of 1808, 1809 and 1810, men born in France (and other foreigners) and also Portuguese charged of being agents or followers of the Napoleonic government were chased in the streets by “popular” groups in anger and constrained by police measures. This paper presents the preliminary results of the research that revisits the theme of “popular”riots against “French” and “Jacobins”, guided by the aim of the explanation of patriotism as a social phenomenon and as a political background, using the information provided by the activity of the Intendente- Geral de Polícia, the magistrate who leads the action of the police authorities.
J. P. d’Oliveira Martins in Santa Eufémia Mines (1870-1874)In 1870, at only 25, Joaquim Pedro de Oliveira Martins was a well established writer well connected with the Portuguese literary world. However, with the bankruptcy of the company Ellicot, Abreu & C.ª, in which he 259 worked for the administration board, he was forced to look for a new way of life. He then accepted to work as a director in a Portuguese mine that belonged to the Companhia de Minas Fundição de Chumbo de Santa Eufémia, located at Cordoba, in Spanish Andaluzia, where he stayed between 1870 and 1874. Giving priority to mining corporate sources and correspondence, it’s mada an attempt to re-create Oliveira Martins’s stay in Spain – so far only partially known, and the way this experience influenced his relations and future work.
Reactions to Malthus Work in Portugal’s19th CenturyIn Portugal’ 19th Century, Malthus’s work gets reactions that range from acceptation with reserves to radical refutation, amidst some misunderstandings. Both the themes of overproduction and overpopulation are subject of comment. While very frequent by late 19th century, there’s no record of clearcut populationist bias among the authors in consideration. Beyond the importance of the themes of colonization and emigration, it’s worthy noting the close articulation of the refutations of Malthus with the pointing out of economic backwardness and excessive inequalities, as well as the emergence, by the end of this period, of Neo-Malthusian theses.